Malay-Indonesian Sanskrit Roots
Sanskrit Loan Words in Indonesian / Malaysian
Maintained by Doug Cooper at CRCL
Back to Sanskrit Roots in Indonesian - Malay page
These data are derived from:
Casparis, J.G. de, 1997, Sanskrit loan-words in Indonesian: An annotated check-list of words from Sanskrit in Indonesian and Traditional Malay,
with additions and comments from:
Mahdi, Waruno, 2000, Review of J.G. de Casparis.
Numbers in parentheses following Sanskrit are Monier-Williams page references.

Sorted by Sanskrit root (third column).  Note that the first 28 items do not have direct Sanskrit references.

*pramuwisataguide, see wisata [--/Skr]
*winanayakahostess 119
ajaonly, see s.v. saja
amatogether, see s.v. sama
angkasasee s.v. akasa
bagiasee s.v. bahagia
basasee s.v. bahasa
baureksasee s.v. bauureksa
baya 2danger, see s.v. bahaya
bedurisee baiduri
bentarasee bintara
biayasee bea
birahisee berahi
budidayaculture, see budaya
jantera(spinning) wheel, see s.v. jentera
kabupatendistrict (under a bupati, q.v.)
keranabecause, see s.v. karena
kesturisee s.v. kasturi
mutesee s.v. mote
mutiasee s.v. mote
pabilawhen, see s.v. apabila
pendekarwrestler, 75
perkosarape, see s.v. kuasa with prefix per- (via Jav.?)
piaralook after, see s.v. pelihara
prameswariqueen, see permaisuri
sengkalasee sangkala
suasagold alloy, for possible etymology see G.136f 105
wisatatourism, see pariwisata
abrakmicaabhra(ka) (79.3)id
bintaranon-commissioned officerabhyantara (75.3)interior, middle
biasacommonabhyàsa (76.3)habit
ancalamountainacala (8.3)id.
caraway, manneràcàra (131.3)conduct 27
acaraprogram, agendaàcàra (131.3)tradition [G. 185]
adiwarnaglowing with colouradhi (20.2)
varõa (924.2)
above +
colour
adikara(having) authorityadhikàra (20.3)authority
adipatigovernoradhipati (21.21)king
adirajaroyal by descentadhiràja (21.3)
àdiràja (137.1)
king or
first king
jaksaprosecutoradhyaksa (23.1)superintendent
jatmikarespectfuladhyàtmika (23.2)internal, relating to the soul
adiningratfirst of the worldàdi (136.3)first [Skr/--] (title)
adikodratsupernaturalàdi (136.3)beginning [Skr/Ar]
*adimargaboulevardàdi (136.3)
màrga (812.2)
beginning +
road
*adikuasasuperpoweràdi (136.3)
va÷a (929.2)
beginning +
power [see kuasa]
*adicitaideologyàdi (136.3)
citta (395.3)
beginning +
thought
adiratnajewel, beautifulàdi (136.3)
ratna (864.2)
first +
jewel
adibeginningàdi (136.3)id.
gaharufragrant woodagharu (4.3)id.
agamareligionàgama (129.3)doctrine, inspired religious) text, especially in Saivism
angkarainsolence, cruelahamkara (124.2)self-consciousness, pride
anjangkaryaworking visitàj¤àkàrya ? (133.3)executing an order 2
aksaraletterakùara (3.2)id.
karsaintentionàkarùa ? (127.3)attraction 44
a(ng)kasaskyàkà÷a (126.3)id.
labugourdalabå (94.3)id. [G. 322]
lengkaraornamentalaükàra (94.2)id.
alpanegligencealpa (95.2)little
amertanectaramçta (82.2)id.
amramangoàmra (147.3)id.
anduwanfoot chainandu (44.3)id.
andamusk glandaõóa (11.1)egg, musk bag
anekaall kinds ofaneka (42.2)id.
anekaragamvarious kindsaneka (42.2)
ràga (872.1)
several +
mode [via Tamil?]
anekawarnamulti-colouredanekavarõa (42.2)id.
anggotamemberaïga (7.3)limb, member 1
angkuselephant-goadanku÷a (7.2)id.
angkanumber, figureaïka (7.1)id.
kusaelephant goadaïku÷a (7.2)id.
*antakusumacloth made from several piecesanta (42.3)
kusuma (298.1)
limit +
flower
antah-berantahdreamlandanta (42.3)? limit 3
antarinter- (prefix)antar (43.2)id.
antara(in) betweenantara (43.3)id.
NusantaraIndonesiaantara (43.3)interior [--/Skr] MW8
antarabangsainternationalantara (43.3)
vaü÷a (910.1)
between
nation
antariksaskyantarãkùa (44.1)id.
*antariksawanastronautantarãkùavant (44.1)sky + poss. suffix (Skr)
*anumertaposthumousanu (31.1)
mçta (827.2)
after +
dead 4
anugerah(royal) favouranugraha (32.1)id.
nuragasympathyanuràga (37.2)id.
aniayaviolationanyàya (46.1)id.
apsarinymphapsaras (59.3)id.
arcaimagearcà (9.1)id.
hargapriceargha (89.3)value, price 40
artimeaningartha (90.2)id.
ertimeaningartha (90.2)id.
arta (harta)propertyartha (90.2)id.
hartapropertyartha (90.2)object, property etc.
artawan (h-)richarthavàn (91.1)id.
hartawanricharthavàn (91.1)id.
ariaa high titleàrya (152.1)nobleman
angsokaSaraca Indiaa÷oka (113.3)Asoka (tree)
asta 2eightaùña (116.2)id.
astagunaeightfoldaùñaguna (116.2)id.
astakaoctagonal benchaùñaka (117.2)eightfold
astakonaoctagonaùñakoõa (116.2)id.
istanggiincenseaùñàïga (117.1)consisting of eight parts [G. 95]
pangestubenedictionastu (122.2)thus be it!
setubenedictionastu (122.2)thus be it!
setanggiincensea÷ñàïgi(n) (117.1)consisting of eight parts [G. 95]
asahopeà÷à (157.1)id.
angsanaPterocarpus Indica (tree)àsana (118.3)Terminalia Tomen Indica (tree)
istimewaspecialàstàm eva (159.3)thus be it! [G. 632]
istanapalaceàsthàna (161.2)place in the interior of a palace [G. 119]
astaka (istana)palaceàsthàna (116.2)audience hall
asramahostelà÷rama (158.2)hermitage
serayawhikeà÷raya (158.2)support [G. 123]
aso (meng-)restà÷vàsa (159.2)taking a breath
hattathenatha (17.3)id. [G. 379]
atau (astwa)orathavà (17.3)id.
(se)bentarat onceavantara (? 107.1)in-between 12
jutawanvery richayuta (86.1)ten thousand + -vant (poss. suffix)
jutamillionayuta (86.1)ten thousand
usiaageàyuùya (149.1)longevity
bidaraZizyphus Jujuba (tree)badara (719.3)id.
bausatradictionarybahuֈstra (-ja) (726.1)(who knows) many books, probably reinterpreted as 'books of many (words)'
bahuarm, shoulderbàhu (730.2)arm
bahureksaarm, ornamentbàhurakùa (730.3)armour for the upper arm
balatenteraarmybala (722.3)
tantra (436.1)
force +
model, row
belakamerelybàlaka (729.2)young [G. 274]
beliayoungbàlya (729.3)childhood
*pramuniagasaleswomanbanyàga (639.2)trader [--/Skr]
begawan (begawan)holybhagavàn (743.3)id.
bagai(kan)likebhàga (751.2)share [Skr/--]
bagipart, forbhàgã (kç) (751.3)(to) divide
bahagiahappybhàgya (752.1)part, good fortune
ba(ha)gianpartbhàgya (752.1)part, good fortune MW1
baginda(n)daMajestybhàgya (752.1)part, good fortune + Austronesian suffix
bejanavesselbhàjana (752.1)id.
baktihomage, loyaltybhakti (743.1)devotion
bendaobjectbhàõóa (752.2)goods
bendorotreasurerbhàõóàgàra (752.3)treasure (Javanized form)
bendaharatreasurerbhàõóàgàra (752.3)treasure
bahar(a)load (200 kg)bhàra (753.1)load, weight
basmidestroybhasmã-(kç) (750.3)reduce to ashes
bahasalanguagebhàùà (755.3)id.
basa-basigood mannersbhàùàbhàùin (755.3)using (good) language [compound not attested in Skr]
bataragod, lordbhattara (745.2)id. 8
batarigoddessbhattara (745.2)fem. of bhattara, apparently not attested in Skr.
berhalaimage of a godbhaññàra (745.2)lord [via Prk] 13
bahwasanyathat (conj.)bhàva (754.1)being, state + ?
bahwathat (conj.)bhàva (754.1)being, state [G.494] 7
bahayadangerbhaya (747.1)fear, danger
kabayanvillage messengerbhaya ? (747.1)fear, danger 43
bayangkaraguardbhayaükara (747.1)causing fear [via Jav?]
bedadifferencebheda (766.1)split, difference
biksuBuddhist monkbhikùu (756.3)id.
bikuBuddhist monkbhikùu (756.3)id. [via Prk] 18
bimasaktithe Milky Waybhãma (758.1)
÷akti (1044.2)
terrific, name of an epic hero +
power 19
benaextraordinarybhinna (757.1)split, distinct
bujanggascholarbhujanga (? 759.2)snake 22
pujangga(trad.) scholarbhujaïga (? 759.2)snake 79
buktiproof.bhukti (759.3)enjoyment 23
*pribumiindigenousbhumi (763.1)land [--/Skr]
mangkubumiworld ruler [name of princes in Central Java]bhåmi (763.1)earth [--/Skr]
bumiearthbhåmi (763.1)id.
bumiputranativebhåmiputra (763.2)id.
bupati'regent'bhåpati (761.2)king
busanabeautiful clothesbhåùaõa (764.2)ornament
buanaworldbhuvana (760.3)id.
mangkubuanaworld ruler [title of princes in Central Java]bhuvana (760.3)world [--/Skr]
Pakubuanatitle of kings in Central Javabhuvana (760.3)world [--/Skr.]
bijiseedbãja (732.3)id.
bindueight-year cyclebindhu (?731.2)drop
windueight-year periodbindu (windu) (? 731.2)drop 116
berahmanabrahminbràhmaõa (742.1)id.
budayaculturebuddhi (733.3)
udaya (?186.1)
mind +
rise 21
budiintelligencebuddhi (733.3)mind
budimanwisebuddhiman (734.1)id. (nom. of buddhimant)
cakradiscuscakra (380.3)id.
cengkerawakbulbul (bird)cakravàka (381.2)Anas Asarca
cakrawalahorizoncakravàla (381.2)mythical mountain bordering the earth (Puranas)
celanatrouserscalanaka (391.2)short petticoat [or rather from Hindi?]
cempakaMichelia Champaka (tree)campaka (388.3)id.
cemara 1Casuarina (tree)càmara (393.1)chowrie [G.150]
cemara 2tail of a yak (fan)càmara (388.2)id.
cencala 1flycatcher (bird)ca¤cala (382.2)moving to and fro
cencala 2rashca¤cala (382.2)moving to and fro
cendanasandal-woodcandana (386.2)id. cendekia
cenderasweetheartcandra (386.3)moon
cenderawasihbird of paradisecandra (386.3)
vàsi(n) (947.3)
moon +
living [Skr/Skr]
candramooncandra (386.3)id.
candramawamysthical catcandra (386.3)moon + ? 25
candrasengkalachronogram in words or picturescandra (386.3)
÷akaàla (1045.3)
moon +
year of the Saka era 26
cenderasamagic swordcandrahàsa (387.3)Ravana's sword
candiancient Hindu or Buddhist monumentcaõói (383.2)name of Durga
cendalalow, outcastecaõóàla (383.3)id.
cengkeramachit-chatcaïkrama (382.3)gallery around temple etc.
cedana???clevercàõakya (392.1)name of a shrewd minister
cempalarash capala (388.2)moving to and fro
ceranasirih-dishcaraõa (389.2)foot etc. 29
cercaabuse, insultcarc- (root) (390.2)to abuse
ceritastorycarita (389.1)id.
ceriterastorycaritra (390.1)deeds
ceriapure, spellcaryà (390.1)due observance 30
carilook forcàri(n) (393.3)moving around
*caturangkapfourfoldcatur (384.1)four [Skr/--]
*caturkembarquadrupletscatur (384.1)four [Skr/--]
catur 1fourcatur (384.1)id.
catur 2chesscaturaïga (384.1)id.
cabaichilli peppercavi (391.2)Piper Chaba 24
celadefectchala (405.3)fraud 28
celakamishapchalaka (405.3)delusive MW2
cahayalightchàyà (406.1)shade
cederaquarrel, disputechidra (406.3)cleft
cenanggadeformitychinna (406.3)
aïga (7.3)
torn
limb [Skr/Skr]
curigasuspectchurikà (407.2)knife [via Prk]
cenascarcihna (399.2)sign, mark
cinabutaintermediarycihnabhåta (399.2)become a mark 31
cintalovecintà (398.1)thought, care
citrapicturecitra (396.1)multi-coloured
paniterasecretarycitra (396.2)picture, mode of writing 68
cita-citaidealcitta (395.3)thought
ciptacreatecitta (395.3)thought
pencurithiefcora (400.3)id. --/Skr]
cukavinegarcukra (399.3)id.
culahorncålà (cåóà) (401.2)crest
dadihcurddadhi (468.1)id.
dahagathirstdàha (477.2)burning 32
paksinanorthdakùiõa (? 465.2)south [G. 531] 66
daksinasouthdakùiõa (455.2)id.
delimapomegrenatedàlima (476.3)id. [G. 322]
dendamresentmentdaõóa (466.2)punishment 34
dendafinedaõóa (466.2)punishment
dantaivorydantra (468.2)id.
*danasiswascholarshipdàna (474.1)
÷iùya (1077.1)
gift +
pupil
danagift, fund.dàna (474.1)gift
daru-daruUrandra Corniculata (tree)dàru (476.1)wood [G. 321]
desavillagede÷a (496.2)region
dewagoddeva (492.2)id.
dewadarudeodar (tree)devadàru (492.3)id.
devtatadeitydevatà (495.3)id.
dewigoddessdevã (496.1)id.
*darmawisataexcursion (to cultural object)dharma (510.3)law, duty + ? 33
*darmawanita(office for) women's affairsdharma (510.3)
vanità (918.3)
law, duty +
wife, woman
*darmasiswa [cf. beasiswa, danasiswa]scholarshipdharma (510.3)
÷iùya (1077.1)
law, duty +
pupil
dermadonationdharma (510.3)id. [G. passim]
*darmabaktisacred dutydharma (510.3)
bhakti (743.1)
law, duty +
devotion
darmaduty [cf. derma]dharma (510.3)law, duty
deritasufferdhàrita (515.2)held, tolerated
dulidustdhåli (518.3)id.
dupaincensedhåpa (517.3)id.
embarawanderingdigambara (83.2)(Jain) wandering mendicant
dirgantaraspacedigantara (480.1)id.
digjayainvincibledigjaya (480.1)world conquest
dina(-hina)miserabledãna (480.3)
hãna (1296.2)
miserable +
abandoned [Skr/Skr]
dirgahayulong live ....!dãrghàyus (482.3)long-living
dewasatime, adultdivasa (478.3)day
dosasindoùa (498.2)id.
durhakatraitordrohaka (502.3)id.
dormagitatordrona (503.1)Drona (name of the teacher of the Kauravas)
* dukanestapagriefduhkha (483.2)
manastapa (784.1)
sorrow +
anguish
*dukacitasorrowduhkha (483.2)
citta (395.3)
sorrow +
thought 35 MW3
*dukaceritasad storyduhkha (483.2)
carita (389.3)
sorrow +
story
dukasorrowduhkha (483.2)id.
dursilawickedduhsãla (483.1)ill-behaved
durjanacriminaldurjana (485.2)evil person
dustaliedusta (483.3)wicked
dutaenvoydåta (489.1)id.
*dwifungsidual functiondvi- (504.3)two [Skr/--]
*dwibahasabilingualdvi- (504.3)
bhàsà (755.3)
two +
language
dwi-two, doubledvi- (504.3)id. (in comp.)
*dwigandaduplicatedvi- (504.3)
ganda (344.1)
two +
cheek
*dwilombadouble matchdvi- (504.3)two [Skr/--]
*dwipekanfortnightlydvi- (504.3)two [Skr/--]
*dwitunggaltwo in onedvi- (504.3)two [Skr/--]
dwiwarnatwo-coloureddvivarna (505.3)id.
*ekabahasaunilingualeka (227.3)
bhàsà (775.3)
one +
language
ekaoneeka (227.3)id.
ekamatraone-dimensionalekamàntra (229.1)id.
ekasilasingle principleeka֋la (229.3)of the same nature
gadaclubgada (344.2)id.
gajahelephantgaja (nom. gajaþ) (342.1)id.
galaresingala (350.3)id.
galuhgemgalu (L) (351.1)(sort of) gem.
gembiracheerfulgambhãra (346.3)deep [G. 320, 552, 630] 37
gandadoubleganda ? (344.1)cheek 36
gandasuliplant (Hedichium sp.)gandha (345.1)fragrance [Skr/--]
gandastorikind of sweetgandha (345.1)fragrance [Skr/--]
gandariaplant (Boeia Macrophylla)gandha ? (345.1)fragrance + ?
gandarusaplant (Justicia Gendarussa)gandha ? (345.1)fragrance [Skr/--]
gandapuraplant (Abelmoschus Moschatus)gaõóha (345.1)
påra ? (641.3)
fragrance +
gandewabowgaõóãva (353.2)Arjuna's bow [G. 88]
gandolaBasella rubragaõóola (344.2)raw sugar
jenitritree (Elaeocarpus Ganitrus)gaõitrikà ? (343.3)rosary
garudaeaglegaruóa (348.3)id.
gatrasyntagmagàtra (352.1)limb
gentabellghaõñà (375.3)id.
ketikamoment, whenghañikà (375.3)hour (24 minutes)
girimountaingiri (355.2)id.
gitasonggãta (356.1)id.
gulanamelancholyglàna (374.3)wearied
gembalashepherdgopàla (365.2)id.
gapuragatewaygopura (365.3)id.
gustilordgoùñhã ? (367.2)assembly, guild 39
gerhanaeclipsegrahaõa (372.2)id.
guacaveguha (360.2)id.
gulasugargula (360.1)id.
gunautilityguõa (357.1)quality, use
gunawanvirtuousguõavàn (357.3)id.
guruteacherguru (359.2)id.
angsa (gangsa)goosehaüsa (1286.1)id.
AndomanHanumanhanumàn (1288.1)id.
asta 1cubithasta (1294.3)hand, measure of length from elbow to tip of middle finger
hastacubithasta (1294.3)hand, arm
ingguasafoetida (plant)hiïgu (1298.1)id. [G. 139]
hinalow, despicablehãna (1296.2)id.
hina-dinamiserablehãna (1296.2)
dãna (480.3)
low +
wretched
Indera 1Indra (god)indra (166.1)id.
indera 2 (the five) sensesindriya (167.2)id. cf. panca-indera
inderi(y)a(the five) sensesindriya (167.2)id.
esaone, onlyã÷a (171.1)lord, iva
jagabayavillage guardjaga (471.0)
bhaya (747.1)
be awake, but via Prakrit, cf. Beng. jaga +
fear, danger
jagaawake, guardjagarti (471.1)be awake, but via Prakrit, cf. Beng. jaga
jalacasting netjala (419.3)id.
jambutree (Eugenia)jambu (412.2)id.
jampanapalanquinjampana (412.3)sedan chair
jelata commonjanatà ? (410.2)community 41
jenggaladesertjaïgala (409.3)jungle
jelmaincarnationjanma (411.3)birth
jampiincantationjapa (412.1)id. [G. 307]
jatayueaglejañàyu (409.2)name of vulture in the Ramayana
jatitree (Tectonia grandis)jàti (418.1)tree (Jasminum grandiflorum)
jayavictoriousjaya (412.3)victory
cernahdigestedjãrõa (422.1)old, digested
jiwa(personal) souljãva (422.2)id.
ju(w)itasweetjãvita (423.2)life 42
nyanasupposej¤àna (426.1)knowledge
kecapiid. (a musical instrument)kacchapi (243.1)id.
kacamataspectacleskàca (268.2)glass [Skr/--]
kacaglass, pagekàca (268.2)glass
kacapurimain building of palacekàca (268.2)
påri (635.3)
glass +
palace
kelahiquarrelkalaha (261.1)id.
kalakininowkàla (278.1)time [Skr/--]
kalalampauin the pastkàla (278.1)time [Skr/--]
kalauifkàla (278.1)time [Skr/--]
kalitime(s)kàla (278.1)time [Skr/--]
kalatime, deathkàla (278,1)id.
kalakianat that timekàla (278.1)time [Skr/--]
apakalawhenkàla (278.1)time [--/Skr]
manakalawhenkàla (277.1)time [ --/Skr]
adakalasometimeskàla (277.1)time [--/Skr]
KelingIndiankàlinga (262.1)inhabitant of Kalinga, south Orissa, India MW5
kemalabezoarkamala ? (252.1)lotus, pale-red [cf. G. 555]
kembojatree (Plumeria Acuminata)kamboja (274.1)id.
gempaearthquakekampa (252.3)id. via Prk?
gempitanoisykampita (252.3)trembling
gangsabronzekamùa (241.1)brass [G. 382]
kangsabrasskaüsa (241.1)id.; cf. OJ. gangsa
kamalove, desirekàma (271.3)id.
gendalaobstaclekandala ? (249.3)portent 38
nistavilekaniùñha (248.3)lowest 62
kencanagoldkà¤cana (268.2)id.
kepalaheadkapàla (250.2)cup, skull
kerandacoffinkaraõóa (254.2)basket, box
karmakarmakarma(n) (258.3)id.
keramamisfortunekarma(n) (258.2)morally qualified act 46
kapascottonkarpàsa (258.1)id. [G. 60]
karena (kerana)becausekàraõa (274.2)cause
karunia (kurnia)mercykàruõya (275.1)compassion
kerjawork (to be carried out)kàrya (276.1)id., duty
karyaachievementkàrya (276.1)duty, work; cf. kerja
kasaiointmentkaùàya (265.3)astringent, ointment
kasturimusk flower (k.o. hibiscus)kastårã (266.2)musk
akhirulkataconclusionkathà (247.1)story [Ar/Skr]
katawordkathà (247.1)story
kawiliterary Javanesekavi (264.2)poet
kiranaraykiraõa (283.3)id.
kianas much (many) askiyan(t) (283.3)how much?
kelesaindolentkle÷a (324.1)defilement
kosakatavocabularyko÷a (314.1)
kathà (247.1)
storehouse +
story
kosastorehouseko÷a (314.1)id.
walikotamayorkoña (288.1)fort [--/Skr]
*kotamadyamunicipalitykoña (312.2)
madhya (781.3)
stronghold +
middle
*kotaprajaboroughkoña (312.2)
prajà (658.2)
stronghold +
subjects
kotatownkoña (312.2)stronghold
ketia hundred thousandkoñi (312.3)ten million
gergajisawkrakaca (318.3)id.
kromopolite languagekrama (319.3)order (via Javanese)
kridaaction, sportkrãóà (321.3)play
kartikaPleiadeskçttikà (304.3)id.
k(e)satriawarrior, knightkùatriya (325.2)id.
satriaknightkùatriya (325.2)warrior
tabik (tabe)good-byeksàntavya (326.2)pardon [G. 640]
*kulawangsaclan, dynastykula
vaü÷a ()
family
family, lineage, both via Javanese [MW]
keluargafamilykula (294.2)
varga (923.3)
family +
group 45
kumbapotkumbha (293.1)id.
kuncikeyku¤cikà (287.3)id. 48
kendi (gendi)water-pitcherkuõóa (289.3)id.
gendiwater-pitcherkuõói (289.3)id. (cf. kundi)
kungkumasaffronkuïkuma (287.3)id.
kustaleprosykuùñha (297.3)id.
kusumaflowerkusuma (298.1)id. (cf. kesuma)
kesumaflowerkusuma (298.1)id. (cf. kusuma)
kesumbadark redkusumbha (298.2)safflower, saffron
labaprofitlàbha (897.1)id.
laksaten thousandlakùa (891.3)id.
laksamanaadmirallakùmaõa (892.2)name of Rama's younger brother [G. 507]
jelitalovelylalita (897.3)id.
lencanabadgelà¤cana (900.1)id.
*latabogaherbivorelatà (859.3)
bhoga (767.2)
creeper +
enjoyment
latacreeperlatà (895.3)id.
lawangcinnamonlavanga (898.3)clove 49
lepaplasterlepa (902.3)id.
lelasmart, elegantlãlà (903.2)play 50
linggalingga (symbol of Siva)liïga (901.2)id.
lena(sleep) soundlylãna (903.2)lying, vanished 51
lobagreedylobha (905.1)greed
lokaworldloka (906.1)id.
*lokakaryaworking grouploka (906.1)
kàrya (276.1)
world +
task
lokawisatatourist objectloka (906.1)
pravàsita (591.2)
world +
sent abroad
maduhoney, co-wifemadhu (779.2)honey
madukarabeemadhukara (779.3)id.
madyaintermediarymadhya (781.2)middle
*mahatahuomniscientmaha- (794.3)great [Skr/--]
*mahasiswi(female) studentmaha- (794.3)
÷iùya (1077.1)
great +
student
mahakuasaall-mightymaha- (794.3)
kuasa ()
great +
[see above]
*mahatinggivery highmahà- (794.3)great [Skr/--]
mahamulyahighly respectedmahà- (794.3)
målya (827.2)
great +
precious
mahaluasvery widemahà- (794.3)great [Skr/--]
*mahasiswa(male) studentmahà- (794.3)
÷iùya (1077.1)
great +
student
mahagreat (in compounds)mahà- (794.3)id.
mahaesaall-mightymahà- (794.3)
ã÷a (71.1)
great +
lord
mahadewasupreme god, ivamahàdeva (796.2)id.
mahadewisupreme goddessmahàdevã (796.2)id.
mahadutaambassadormahàdåta (796.2)id.
mahaguruprofessormahaguru (795.2)id. 52
merdekafreemaharddhika (794.2)prosperous
maharaniqueenmahàraj¤i (799.3)id.
maharajalelaragemahàràja (799.3)
lãlà (903.2)
king +
play
maharajakingmahàràja (799.3)id.
merajalelaravagemahàràja (799.3)
lãà (903.2)
king +
play
mesantombstonemahiùa (803.1)buffalo 57
mahesabuffalomahiùa (803.1)id.
makaraelephant-fishmakara (771.2)id.
mahkotacrownmakuña (771.3)id. 53
malatingkahbad-manneredmala (792.1)stain [Skr/--]
malabaumalodorousmala (792.1)stain [Skr/--]
malapetakacalamitymala (792.1)
pàtaka (616.3)
stain, +
sin, calamity/
malanasibbad fortunemala (792.1)
nasib ()
stain +
fate [Skr/Ar]
malakelolabad managementmala (792.1)stain [Skr/--]
malakarsabad intentionmala (792.1)
karùa (259.3)
stain, dirt +
drawing
malagizimalnutritionmala (792.1)
gi÷i ()
stain, dirt +
nutrition [Skr/Ar]
malastain. dirtmala (792.1)id. 54
melakaPhyllanthos emblica (tree)malaka (813.3)name of various plants
melatijasminemàlàti (814.1)id.
nestapasorrowmanastàpa (784.1)anguish
pancakacrematoriumma¤caka (773.3)platform
pendopoopen hallmandapa (775.3)id. [via Jav.]
menderaFicus benjamina (tree)mandara (787.3)Erythrina Indica
mandragunainvulnerablemandra (787.3)
guõa (357.1)
pleasant +
quality
mandalazone, regionmaõóala (775.3)id.
mandalikaArtocarpus rigida (tree)maõóalika (806.3)id.
manikamjewelmaõi (774.3)id. [via Tam]
manispermamaõi (774.3)jewel 56 MW6
manikbeadmaõijewel [MW] MW16
manteraspellmantra (785.3)id.
mantrisupervisormantrin (786.3)counsellor [cf. menteri]
menteriministermantri(n) (786.3)counsellor [cf. mantri]
manusiaman(kind)manusya (810.2)id.
ranasufferingmaraïa (? 789.3)death
mericablack peppermarãca (790.1)id.
mercapadamortal worldmartya (791.1)
pada (583.1)
mortal +
abode
maradangermàra (811.3)death
marabahayadangermàra (811.3)
bhaya (747.1)
death +
fear
margaroad, clan (Bat)màrga (812.2)road
dermagaplatformmàrga (812.2)road [--/Skr]
mangsiinkmaùi (793.3)id.
semasaduringmàsa (814.3)month, time [--/Skr.]
masaperiodmàsa (814.3)month
masakinicontemporarymàsa (814.3)month [Skr/--]
mangsaseasonmàsa (805.1)month
metaexcitedmatta (777.3)id.
matradimensionmàtra (804.3)measure
mayapadaimaginary worldmàyà (811.1)
pada (583.1)
illusion +
abode
mayaillusionmàyà (811.1)id.
megacloudmegha (831.2)id.
minafishmãna (818.3)id.
mesramixedmi÷ra (817.3)id.
mintinatwinsmithuna (816.3)id.
mitrafriendmitra (816.1)id.
merdusoft, melodiousmçdu (830.2)id.
*margasatwafaunamçga (828.2)
sattva (1135.2)
deer, animal +
creature MW7
merga-margawild animalmçgadeer, animal [MW] MW7
mukafrontmukha (819.3)id.
semuka(someone with) the same facemukha (819.3)face [--/Skr]
mutiarapearl stringmuktàhàra (821.2)id.
mut(t)ikapearlmuktikà (812.2)id. [via Prk]
mulai(counting) frommåla (826.2)root, beginning [+ suffix -i]
semulaoriginalmåla (826.2)root
mulabeginningmåla (826.2)root, beginning
mulianoble, excellencymålya (827.1)value
murkaangry (applied to a king)mårkha (823.3)fool
motepearlmutya (822.2)id. 58
nadatonenàda (534.3)sound
titinadanote (music)nàda (534.3)loud sound [--/Skr]
nadipulsenàóã (534.2)artery
negarastatenagara (525.1)city, state
kawulanegara(state) subjectnagara (525.1)state [--/Skr]
negericountrynagarã (525.1)id.
nagamythical cobranàga (532.3)id.
namanamenàma(n) (536.2)id.
andakabanteng (bos Sundaicus)nandaka (526.3)name of a bull
*naradakwadefendantnara (528.3)man [Skr/Ar]
*narapidanadelinquentnara (528.3)
pãóana (629.2)
man +
paining
nerakahellnaraka (529.3)id.
neracabalancenàràca (537.2)scale [G id.]
nilaindigonãla (566.1)id.
nilakandiazure, sapphirenãla (566.1)
khanda (? 336.1)
black +
piece
nilamsapphirenãla (566.1)black [via Tam]
nirwarnacolourlessnir (539.2)
varõa (924.2)
without +
colour
nirakalstupidnir (539.3)without [Skr/Ar]
nirairwithout waternir (539.2)without [Skr/--]
nirbhwawithout airnir- (539.2)without [Skr/--]
nirbangunamorphousnir- (539.2)without [Skr/--]
nirlarasdiscordantnir- (539.2)without [Skr/--]
nirartimeaninglessnirartha (539.3)id.
nirbhayafearlessnirbhaya (541.2)id.
nirmalapurenirmala (641.3)pure
nirwanaid.nirvàõa (557.3)id.
nirawaternãra (566.1)id.
nirasatastelessnãrasa (543.3)id.
niscayacertainlyni÷caya (561.2)id.
niskalasubtleniùkala (542.3)undivided 61
*panitiacommitteenitya (547.2)constant 69
senantiasaalwaysnitya÷as (547.3)id. [--/Skr]
nyatareal, clear, evidentniyata (552.1)certain
pedatiox-cartpadàti (584.1)foot-soldier -G. 575]
padamlotuspadma (584.2)red lotus
padmalotuspadma (584.2)red lotus
padaat, topàda (617.1)foot 63
paduka(Your) Majestypàduka (618.1)sandal 64
paksaforcepakùa (573.2)wing etc. [G. 556]
paksibirdpakùi(n) (574.2)id.
pakmaRafflesia (flower)pakùma(n) (?574.2)eyelashes 65
pelanasaddlepalyàõa (610.2)id.
pancapersadaestradapa¤ca (575.3)
pràsàda (709.3)
five +
platform
*pancalombapentathlonpa¤ca (575.3)five [Skr/--]
*pancalogamalloypa¤ca (575.3)five [Skr/Tam]
*pancakembarquintupletspa¤ca (575.3)five [Skr/--]
*pancadarmafive dutiespa¤ca (575.3)
dharma (510.3)
five +
duty
pancafivepa¤ca (575.3)id.
pancarobachangeablepa¤ca (575.3)five [Skr/--] ?
pancarangkapfivefoldpa¤ca (575.3)five [Skr/--]
pancaragamdiversepa¤ca (575.3)five [Skr/Tam]
Pancasilaid.pa¤ca÷ãla (577.3)five rules of behaviour (in Buddhism) MW10
pancawarnamulti-colouredpa¤cavarõa (557.2)five-coloured
pancawarsaquinquenniumpa¤cavarùa (577.2)id.
pancaindriathe five sensespa¤cendriya (578.2)id.
mancanegaraforeign countrypaïca (575.3)
nagara (525.1)
five +
country
mancaforeignpaïca (575.3)five (cf. mancanegara) 55
pendetavicarpaõóita (580.3)scholar
pandaicleverpaõóita (580.3)learned [via Prakrit] 67
penjarajailpa¤jara (575.2)cage
papamiserablepàpa (618.2)bad, wicked
*paramasastragrammarparama (588.1)
ֈstra (1069.1)
highest +
manual
ambeg paramaartaconcentrate on essentialsparamàrtha (588.3)highest truth
permaisuriqueenparame÷varã (588.3)id.
merpatipigeonparapati (620.3)id.
peribahasaproverbparibhàùà (598.1)rule, maxim
peliharalook afterparihara (605.1)immunity
*pariwaraadvertisementparihara (601.2)cover 70
periksaexamineparãkùà (605.3)examination
paripurnacompleteparipårõa (597.2)id.
perbanihigh tideparva(n) (609.2)phases of the moon 76
peradagold or silver foilpàrada (620.2)quicksilver
petamappaña (579.1)cloth
ketolaplant (Luffa cylindrica)patola (579.2)id.
petolasilk sashpañola (579.2)kind of cloth
petakamisfortunepàtaka (616.3)crime, sin
petalalayerpàtàla (616.3)(the seven strata of) hell
pawanawindpavana (623.2)id.
pawakafirepàvaka (623.2)id.
perkaraaffairperkàra (653.3)manner
pahalaawardphala (716.2)fruit
palanutmegphala (716.2)fruit
pulasarilianephala (? 716.2)
sàra (1208.1)
fruit +
essence [G. 328]
palawijasecond cropphala (716.2)
bãja (732.2)
fruit +
seed [Skr/Skr]
pidanapenal (law)pãóana (629.2)oppression
prakataforewardprà
kathà ()
pre- +
story [MW] MW17
prakarsainitiativeprà
harùa ()
pre- +
joy [MW] MW17
prasangkaprejudicepra- (652.2)
÷aïkà (1047.1)
pre- +
care, suspicion
pra-prior, pre-pra- (652.2)id.
perbawaauthorityprabhàva (684.2)id.
prabukingprabhu (652.2)id.
perdatacivil (law)pradatta (? 693)offered 77
perdanaprime ministerpradhàna (680.3)principal
praharatornadoprahàra (701.2)stroke, blow
prajaarea of jurisdictionpraja (658.2)subjects of a king or a state
perkasacourageousprakà÷a (653.1)bright
perlinadisappearedpralãna (690.1)id.
permanaquantitypramàõa (685.3)measure
prasasticharterprasasti (695.1)eulogy
*peristiwaeventprastàva (699.1)occasion
persadagardenpràsàda (709.3)platform 78
pertamafirstprathama (678.3)id.
percayatrustpratyaya (673.2)id.
pitayatrustpratyaya (673.3)id.
prawacanaprefacepravacana (690.2)announcement MW11
*pariwisatatourismpravasita (591.2)sent abroad 71
perwirabrave, officerpravãra (693.1)hero
*p(em)irsaviewer (TV)prekùà (605.3)examination
*pirsawanviewer (TV)prekùà (605.3)examination + Sanskrit suffix -v n (-vant)
priagentlemanpriya (710.1)dear
pertiwiearthpçthivã (647.1)id.
pujaworshippuja (641.1)id.
pujiworshippuja (641.1)worship 80
punggawacommanderpuügava (630.3)chief
puracity, kratonpura (635.2)city
puripalacepurã (635.3)city {8l}
*purnawirawanveteranpårõa (642.1)
vãra (1005.2)
full +
hero + Skr suffix Z-vanZ (-vant)
purnamafull moonpårõamà (642.2)id.
*purbasangkaprejudicepårva (643.1)
÷aïkà (1047.1)
earlier +
suspicion
purwaformerpårva (643.1)id. 82
purwakantiassonancepårva (643.1)
kànti (270.3)
former +
charm
*murbaproletarianpårva (643.1)earlier
purbaformerpårva (643.1)id.
purbakalaancient timepårvakàla (643.1)id.
puspaflowerpuùpa (639.2)id.
pusparagammulti-colouredpuùpa (639.2)
raga (872.1)
flower+
colour 83
pestakabook of propheciespustaka (640.3)book
pustakabookpustaka (640.3)id.
putra sonputra (632.3)id.
putridaughterputrã (632.3)id.
rencanaplanracana (860.3)id.
ragamkind, colourràga (872.1)id. [via Tam] 83
seragamuniformràga (872.1)colour [via Tam] 99
*olahragasportràga (872.1)delight [--/Skr] MW9
ragabodyràgacolor (red), passion [MW] MW9
*binaragaphysical exerciseràga (872.1)passion [Ar/Skr]
rahasiasecretrahasya (871.2)id.
rajawalisparrow-hawkrajjuvàla (861.1)kind of wildfowl [G. 146 & 441]
raniqueenraj¤i (875.1)id. [via Prk]
rajaberanatreasureràjàbharaõa (874.3)id.
rajakuladynastyràjakula (872.3)id.
rajalelarageràja(n) (872.3)
lãlà (903.2)
king +
play 84
rajakingràj a(n) (872.3)id.
rejasatinràjasa (563.2)? id. [G. 328]
raksasagiant, demonràkùasa (871.3)id.
randawidowranda (864.2)cripple, widow
jandawidowraõóa (? 864.2)id. [G. 277]
renjanadesirera¤jana (863.3)charming
rasataste, feelingrasa (869.3)id.
raksamercuryrasa (869.3)id.
raksiperfumerasa (? 869.3)flavour
rasamalaAltingia excelsarasamala (?870.1)refuse of (tree) juices
rasiconstellationrà÷i (879.1)sign of the zodiac
rasiandreamrà÷i (879.1)sign of the zodiac [G. 151]
serasiharmoniousrà÷i (879.1)heap [--/Skr; G. 151]
ratnajewelratna (854.2)id.
rekafictionrekhà (887.1)line 85
rugilossroga (888.3)disease
romaeiderdownroma(n) (889.3)body hair
resisagerùã (226.3)id.
rusakbroken, spoiledråkùa ?coarse, dirty [MW] MW18
rupaformråpa (885.3)id.
rupiahguilderråpya (886.3)well-shaped, stamped
saksamaaccuratesa- (1111.2)
kùama (326.2)
with (prefix)
patience
sa-with (prefix)sa- (1111.2)id. 87
sederhanasimplesàdhàraõa (1202.2)common
sejahteraprosperoussàdhya (? 1202.1)celestial beings 94
segaroceansàgara (1198.2)id.
sahajanaturalsahaja (1193.3)id. [cf. saja]
sajaonlysahaja (1193.3)natural [G. 390]
sahayaservantsahàya (1195.1)companion [cf. saya]
sayaI (polite)sahàya (1195.1)companion, assistant
sendawasaltpetersaindhava (1248.3)rock salt
sediareadysajja (1131.2)prepared [cf. G. 156, who rightly assumed influence from Skr. ZsadhyaZ]
sediakalaformerlysajja ? (1131.2)
kàla (277.1)
prepared +
time 93
sarjanascholar, M.A.sajjana (1135.1)virtuous or wise man [G. 319]
segalawhole, allsakala (1124.2)id. [via Tam., cf. G. 162].
sekalionce, verysakala (? 1124.2)once [G. 486] 95
saksiwitnesssaksi(n) (1198.1)id.
selenggaraorganizesàlaükàra (?1210.3)adorned 97
samiequallysama (1152.1)equal 89
samaequalsama (1152.1)id.
semadimeditationsamàdhi (1159.3)id.
sementaratemporarysamanantara (1154.2)just following [G. 140]
samaptareadysamàpta (1161.1)concluded 88
semestaallsamasta (1158.1)id.
semaja(-mata)onlysamatà (? 1152.2)equality [G. 489]
semajain factsamaya (? 1164.1)agreement 98
sembadastrongly builtsaübaddha (1177.3)joined [G. 570]
sembrononegligentsaübrahama (1179.3)haste, confusion [via Jav.; G. 320]
sandisecret codesamdhi (1144.3)id.
senggamacoitionsaügama (1128.3)id.
pesanggrahanresthousesaügraha (1129.2)assembling [--/Skr/--]
sengketaconflictsaüketa (1126.3)id.
kasatmataconcretesaümata (1180.1)agreed
sandiwaratheatresaümdhi ? (1144.3)+ ? 90
sempannaperfectsampanna (1172.1)id.
sempurnaperfectsampårõa (1173.2)id.
sengsaramiserysaüsàra (1119.2)transmigration
sangsidoubtsaü÷aya (1117.3)id.
sangskertaSanskritsaüskçta (1120.3)id.
sentanaroyal descendantsaütana (1142.1)descendant
sentosatranquilsaütoùa (1142.2)satisfaction
sadayaall samudaya (1167.2)aggregate [G. 618]
samudraoceansamudra (1166.3)id.
pasamuanreunionsamåha (1170.3)collection [--/Skr/--]
semuaallsamåha (1170.3)multitude
senjataweaponsaüyatta (1111.3)come into conflict [G. 523]
senjasunsetsàüdhya (1145.2)id.
sendijoint, sinewsandhi (1144.3)id.
sanggamarahooksaïga (1132.3)attachment + ?
sanggasupportsaïga (1132.3)attachment
wasangkasuspicionsaïkà (1047.1)doubt [Ar/Skr] 115
*saptadarmaseven dutiessapta (1149.2)
dharma (510.3)
seven +
duty
saptasevensapta (1149.2)id.
*saptamargasoldier's oathsapta (1149.2)
màrga (812.2)
seven +
road
serojalotussaroja (1183.1)id.
serbaomni-sarva (1184.3)all
*serbanekavarioussarva (1184.3)
aneka (42.2)
all
several
saripatiessencesàra (1208.1)
pati ? (582.1)
essence +
master
sariessencesàra (1208.1)core, essence [G. 89 f.]
seranggainsectsàraïga (? 1208.3)variegated 100
seraticornacsàrathi (1208.3)charioteer
sertawith, andsàrtha (1209.3)company [G. 109] 101
sertarasashare someone's viewssàrtha (1209.3)
rasa (869.3)
company +
taste, view
sasmitasignalsasmita (1192.2)smiling [G. 542]
satowild animalsattva (1135.2)creature
*satyalancanamedal for loyaltysatya (1135.3)
là¤chana (900.1)
true +
mark, token
setialoyalsatya (1135.1)true, loyal
sabdasound, word÷abda (1052.2)id.
selendroa musical scale÷ailendra (1090.1)name of a Javanese dynasty 96
saka 2aka era÷aka (1061.3)id.
sasakalalegend÷akakàla (1045.3)Saka era [G. 366] 92
sangkalatime÷akakàla (1061.1)date (in the Saka era)
sokogurucentral pillar÷akhà (1062.2)
guru (359.2)
branch, doorpost +
heavy [via Jav]
saktipower÷akti (1044.2)id.
saka 1pillar÷àkhà (1062.3)branch 86
sangkakalaconch÷ankha (1047.2)
kàla (? 277.1)
conch +
time 91
sangkasuppose÷aïkà (1047.1)doubt, fear
serapahmaledictionֈpa (1065.1)curse [via Prk? G. 123]
selirabody÷arãra (1057.3)id.
santripupil (of a Muslim college)ֈstri(n) (1069.3)scholar [G. 362 f.]
satronact in a hostile manner÷atru (1051.1)enemy [via Jav. (suffix -an)]
satruenemy÷atru (1051.1)id.
seteruenemy÷atru (1051.1)id.
senapatiarmy commandersenàpati (1246.3)id.
pasebanaudience hallsevà (1247.1)dwell [ --/Skr/--] 72
sebaappear before the kingsevà (1247.1)service
sewa rentsevà (1247.1)service
suwitadevoted tosevità (1247.1)one who honours
sisarest÷eùa (1088.3)id.
sidaan honorificsiddha (? 1215.1)perfect [G. 117] 102 MW12
restublessingsiddhir astu (1216.2)there be success!
srikandiideal wifesikhandin(i) (1070.2)epic hero(ine)
singalionsiüha (1213.1)id.
singgasanathronesiühàsana (1213.3)lion throne
segeraquick֋ghra (1077.2)id.
siksatorment÷ikùà (1070.1)punishment
sila(h)kanplease!֋la (1079.1)virtue 103
silamoral principle֋la (10079.1)virtue
sirnadisappear÷ãrõa (1078.3)crushed
sesirakind of tree÷i÷ira (? 1076.1)cool
sasianpupil÷iùya (1077.1)id. [G. 483]
sikwapupil÷iùya (1077.1)id.
selesmaflu÷leùma(n) (1104.2)mucus [G. 157]
selokaverse÷loka (1104.3)id.
asmaralovesmara (1272.1)id.
saudarabrothersodara (1248.3)(half-)brother (same mother)
mestikabezoarsphañikà (1269.3)crystal
serigalawolfsçgàla (1245.1)jackal
seribumiheliotrope÷rã (1098.2)
bhåmi (763.1)
splendour +
earth
*sripanggungprimadonna÷rã (1098.2)splendour [Skr/--]
serisplendour÷rã (1098.3)id.
asricharming÷rã (1098.2)beauty (with Indonesian prefix a-)
sengkelafoot fetters÷çïkhala (1087.1)fetters [via Prk, G. 94 f.]
isteriwifestrã (1260.3)woman
stupaid.ståpa (1260.1)id. MW13
susastraliteraturesu- (1219.3)
ֈstra (1069.1)
good +
handbook 110
manasukavoluntarysukha (1220.1)pleasure [-Skr]
sukahappysukha (1220.3)pleasure
sukarelavoluntarysukha (1220.3)pleasure [Skr/Ar]
sukariahappysukha (1220.3)pleasure [Skr/--]
sukacitahappysukhacitta (1221.1)id.
sukmasubtlesåkùma (1240.3)id.
sundaritail of kitesundarã (1227.1)beautiful girl 109
suryasunsårya (1243.1)id.
kantalens(sårya)kànta (1243.2)sun-crystal
suryakantamagnifying glasssåryakànta (1243.2)sun-crystal
susilavirtuoussu֋la (1237.2)id.
asusilaimmoralsu֋la (1237.2)virtuous (with Skr prefix a-)
suterasilksåtra (1241.3)thread
sutradarastage-managersåtradhàra (1242.1)id.
svasanaatmospheresuvasana (? 1233.1)
svàsana (1284.2)
good dwelling or
good seat 106
sugitoothpick÷uci (1241.1)needle 108
cuciwash÷uci (1081.1)clean [cf. suci]
sucisacred÷uci (1081.1)pure [cf. cuci]
sudamalaArtemisia÷uddha (1062.1)
amala (81.1)
cleared, pure +
spotless
sudahalready÷uddha (1082.1)cleared, acquitted [G. 565] 107
sudiwell-disposed÷uddhi (1082.2)acquittal [G. 119]
sudraid.֌dra (1085.3)id.
sulaspike֌la (1086.3)id.
sunyideserted֌nya (1085.1)empty, void
sunyatavoid÷ånyatà (1085.2)id.
*swasembadaself-sufficientsva (1275.1)
saüvçddha (? 1116.3)
self +
thriving